La reserva natural subterránea (RNS) Manantial del río Gándara cuenta con una superficie de 29,2 km2 e incluye parte del Parque Natural Collados del Asón, localizado en el municipio de Soba (CCAA de Cantabria). La RNS se encuentra dentro de los límites de la masa de agua subterránea ES018MSBT012010 Alisa-Ramales, en la Demarcación Hidrográfica del Cantábrico Occidental.
El manantial del río Gándara, que da nombre a la RNS, se sitúa a 567 m.s.n.m. y es el punto de descarga del acuífero kárstico formado por las calizas, calcarenitas y areniscas del Complejo Urgoniano (Cretácico Inferior). Las fuentes del nacimiento del río Gándara surgen en el contacto lateral con las formaciones de baja permeabilidad que afloran en La Gándara de Soba.
La recarga de este acuífero se produce entre los 1.000 y 1.700 m.s.n.m, por infiltración de agua de lluvia y del deshielo de la nieve acumulada en las zonas altas (Picón del Fraile, Bustaveinte, valles de Hondojón y Brenanvito). En el seno del acuífero, la disolución de la roca carbonatada ha desarrollado un sistema de kárstico denominado Sistema Gándara con 106 km de galerías y cavidades. Este sistema hidrogeológico permite la circulación del agua subterránea, salvando el desnivel de -814 metros existente entre las zonas de alta montaña hasta el valle de La Gándara. La descarga se produce por dos salidas puntuales (Cueva de La Gándara y Cueva río Chico), y una zona de surgencia difusa, conociéndose todo el conjunto como Nacimiento del río Gándara. El caudal drenado oscila entre los 0,3 m3/s a 5,1 m3/s. Las variaciones de caudal están condicionadas por el funcionamiento kárstico del acuífero, por la precipitación según el año hidrológico sea húmedo, promedio o seco, y por la estacionalidad de la recarga del acuífero (estiaje o invierno).
La descarga del acuífero se produce bajo la peña Becerral da origen al río Gándara cuyo cauce va adaptándose a la compleja orografía del paisaje cántabro, salvando el desnivel con rápidos en su cabecera (Mirador del Gándara) hasta desembocar en el río Asón en Ramales de la Victoria. La variedad de ambientes y condicionantes climáticos entre el fondo de valle y la alta montaña dan lugar a un amplio espectro de ecosistemas forestales y fauna salvaje.
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