Amplia red de humedales formada por un total de 21 lagunas de origen glaciar en el entorno alpino de Sierra Nevada. Son muy diversas en cuanto a tamaño y cuenca, y se resalta su valor ecológico por ser ambientes muy singulares localizados en una zona de alta biodiversidad y muy rica en endemismos.
La caracterización biológica se hace en base a los datos disponibles de la laguna de La Caldera, ubicada fuera del ámbito de la RNL propuesta, pero representativa del complejo lagunar “Lagunas de Sierra Nevada”. La Laguna de la Caldera se caracteriza por lo remoto de su localización, unido al pequeño tamaño de su cuenca, su dependencia del manto níveo para definir la profundidad de su columna a lo largo del año y la alta exposición de su lámina, situada a más de 3000 m. s. n. m. Su comunidad fitoplanctónica está marcada por la escasez de nutrientes en el agua, siendo una laguna con unos niveles de producción primaria extremadamente bajos en condiciones normales. Los microcrustáceos bentónicos muestran una baja riqueza con sólo 7 especies, 4 branquiópodos y 3 copépodos. En cuanto a los macroinvertebrados, destacan los cuatro taxones de coleópteros adultos de la familia Dytiscidae. La baja riqueza y diversidad de invertebrados bentónicos encontrada es característica de este tipo de lagunas con unas condiciones extremas de temperatura, radiación y baja mineralización.
Las lagunas de Sierra Nevada son un conjunto de lagunas de alta montaña meridional, con nulas presiones y un buen estado ecológico. Están situadas en el entorno de los de 3000 metros de altura y tienen características propias que las hacen únicas en la península.
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